Rice fraud a global problem: A review of analytical tools to detect species, country of origin and adulterations

Food fraud is the intentional deception carried out for gain, and growing. Rice most used staple cereal more than half of world. Because scale global rice industry, opportunities are large, concern threat to economies health many. This review ouylines complexities industry outlines current frauds. Fraudulent actions can be on many levels such as: botanical geographical origin, adulteration/substitution, ageing, cultivation practices, aroma/flavour amounts microelements. To deal with new frauds, range techniques detect them increasing. Current research concerning mainly focussed authenticity testing botanical/geographical origin or methods. In case Mass Specrometry, advanced increasingly applied due their great untargeted analysis power. Spectroscopic provide screening, but rapid non-destructive sample analysis, they cost effective once established require little expertise. DNA assays excellent tools apply rice. There at present, no single analytical tool capable providing an answer all authentication problems, thus it necessary use several approaches in profiling identification possible markers and/or adulterants.